What are the core components of a garbage compaction station?

Collection System: The First Hub for Garbage Reception

The collection system is the entrance of the compaction station, responsible for efficiently receiving various types of garbage and introducing them into the processing flow. The core components include:

Loading device

It is divided into hopper-type storage bins, platform-type loading ports, etc., suitable for different delivery scenarios such as sanitation vehicles and manual operations. Some equipment adopts a fully enclosed design, such as the underground loading bin of the buried compaction station, which can reduce the spread of odors.

Key Design: The loading port is equipped with a sealed gate, controlled by a hydraulic cylinder for opening and closing, forming a linked sealed space with the compression mechanism.

Pre-storage and Sensing Module

A filling level sensor is embedded in the garbage bin to monitor the height of garbage accumulation in real time. When the bin is full, an automatic warning signal is triggered. The compression chamber of the horizontal equipment also has the function of pre-storage, ensuring continuous loading without interruption.

Compression System: The Core Execution Unit for Capacity Reduction and Quality Improvement

The compression system is the core determining the processing efficiency. It is classified into horizontal and vertical types based on the compression direction. The core components include:

(1) Horizontal Compression Mechanism

Core Components: Push Plate, Multi-stage Hydraulic Cylinder Group, Compression Chamber. The push plate adopts a staggered vertical plate design, which is suitable for the difference in density between the top and bottom of the garbage, improving the uniformity of compression.

Power Configuration: Two single-stage hydraulic cylinders are responsible for pre-compression, and multi-stage hydraulic cylinders are used for strong compression. The compression ratio can reach 1:4, and the compacted density is ≥ 750 kg/m³.

Precision Control: The gap between the push plate and the compression chamber is strictly controlled at 3-5 mm. A slider guide is used to avoid running stalling.

(2) Vertical Compression Mechanism

Main structure: steel frame, compression platform, three-cylinder staged compression system. The main cylinder is connected to two auxiliary cylinders, and through a relay compression method, the equipment height is reduced, thereby saving construction costs.

Transportation system: An efficient output channel for compacting garbage

The transportation system enables seamless connection between compressed blocks and the collection vehicles. The core components include:

Pushing device

Horizontal type: The pusher is driven by a dedicated hydraulic cylinder and slides along the guide rails of the box to push the compressed blocks into the transfer box; Vertical type: The press platform also has a lifting function and can lift the garbage box as a whole to connect with the garbage collection vehicle.

Container Moving and Positioning Mechanism

The container moving vehicle runs along the light rail via 8 sets of wheel groups and is controlled by hydraulic cylinders for pushing and pulling, enabling precise docking of the compressor and the transfer container.

The positioning mechanism employs a hydraulic locking device to ensure the stability of the container during the transfer process and prevent garbage from scattering.

Sealing and drainage design

The box body adopts labyrinth-type rubber sealing + bottom drainage holes. The compressed sewage flows through the diversion channel and is discharged into the collection tank, achieving "no garbage landing and no sewage leakage".

Control System: The Intelligent Hub for Equipment Operation

The control system integrates hydraulic, electrical and sensing technologies to achieve automated operation and maintenance. The core components include:

Hydraulic power unit

It is composed of a dual vane pump, an electromagnetic unload valve, an electromagnetic valve group, etc. It adopts intelligent dual-pump switching: during the idle stroke, both pumps supply oil to accelerate the speed; when under load, a single pump operates at high pressure for energy saving. The system complies with hydraulic component standards.

Electrical control module

Is divided into motor control and action control.

Supports both manual and automatic modes. In case of failure, it can switch to hydraulic handle operation to ensure operational reliability.

Intelligent Monitoring and Analysis

Data such as compression force, running speed, and filling volume are collected in real time through sensors. Some equipment is equipped with a PLC system to achieve fault prediction and data analysis, providing a basis for urban waste planning.

Auxiliary Support System: Assurance of Environmental Protection and Safety

Environmental protection components: The underground equipment is operated in a fully enclosed underground environment and is equipped with dust removal and odor elimination devices; the box body is made of corrosion-resistant steel, and its service life can reach 8-10 years.

Safety protection: Safety hooks are installed on the frame, and a bidirectional hydraulic lock is set up in the hydraulic system, enabling the mechanism to hover at any position.